Comparing The Chorus of Sophocles Antigone and Americas News Channels :: Comparison Compare Contrast Essays

Comparing The Chorus of Sophocles' Antigone and America's News Channels The Greek Chorus is very similar to America's news channels because it brings the people the news in a way that they can understand it. The play Antigone by Sophocles is a tragic drama structured around the argument between a king and two sisters about the burial of their brother. Antigone can be compared to the conflict surrounding granting illegal immigrants amnesty. The Chorus is a group of people who provide background information, interpret the information, and relate it to human nature. The Chorus in Antigone tells the pros and cons of both sides of the story and adds important information needed to fully understand the conflict. The Greek Chorus serves the same functions as American news channels in the twenty-first century. Both a news channel and a Chorus provide background information during the telling of a story. After Antigone and Ismene converse about the burial of their brother, the chorus steps in setting the mood and providing background information. "Now the long blade of the sun, lying level east to west, touches with glory Thebes of Seven Gates. Open, Unlidded" (Sophocles 314). This shows that at that point in the play, it is morning and the sun has risen. It sets the tone and describes the setting for the next scene. On a news channel, background information is also provided. "Over eleven million illegal immigrants are already living in America" (Buchanan). This tells the viewer how serious the topic is by using such large numbers and giving facts. This statement will also-strike a nerve with many people because it is saying that 11 million people have committed the same crime their country. As you can see, there is a great similarity between the Greek and American way of providing b ackground information. American news channels and Greek Choruses both interpret information for viewers, so they can better understand different points of view. It is believed by the Greeks that Creon has a divine right to do whatever he wants. "If that is your will, Creon son of Menoikeus, You have the right to enforce it: we are yours" (Sophocles 316). Creon can do what he wants because the people will have to support his ideas because he is the great and powerful king with a divine right to rule.

Spastic Hemiplegic Cerebral Palsy Children Health And Social Care Essay

AbstractionBackground: Cerebral paralysis ( CP ) affects motor and postural development and causes centripetal upsets and larning disablement. Shock moving ridges are defined as a sequence of sonic pulsations mostly used in the intervention of diseases affecting bone and sinew every bit good as muscular contractures. Radial daze moving ridge therapy ( RSWT ) produces lower extremum force per unit area, longer rise clip and low energy with energy flux denseness as compared with extracorporeal daze wave therapy. Purpose: The purpose of our survey was to measure the effectivity of RSWT on spasticity and motor map in hemiplegic intellectual paralysis kids.Methods:IntroductionCerebral paralysis ( CP ) consequences from an abuse to the underdeveloped cardinal nervous system ( CNS ) [ 1 ] that cause terrible physical disablement in childhood with non-progressive syndromes that affect position and motor public presentation [ 2 ] . The most common damage is hemiplegia in which born babes had a individual hemisphere hurt in most instances [ 3 ] . The major job of CP is spasticity which is defined as a velocity-dependent opposition of musculus to stretch [ 4 ] . Spasticity may take to musculoskeletal jeopardies such as contractures, hurting, and subluxation. The riddance of spasticity licenses many intellectual paralysis kids to utilize what selective motor control they possess more efficaciously and functionally. [ 5 ] Most CP instances with spasticity are managed by a utilizing of a combination of modes throughout childhood. The usage of a combination of physical therapy modes can increase the benefits of spasticity control [ 6-7 ] . Various curative modes and attacks are used to pull off spasticity, including unwritten medicines, injection therapy, orthopaedic surgery, neurosurgery and rehabilitation therapy [ 1 ] . One of the recent modes which used in the physical therapy field is shock moving ridge therapy. The daze moving ridge was foremost applied in 1980 to patients with kidney rocks [ 11 ] . It was applied in either extracorporeal or radial daze moving ridge therapy. Extracorporeal daze moving ridge therapy ( ESWT ) is a sequence of sonic pulsations with by high extremum force per unit area ( 100 MPa ) , fast force per unit area rise ( & lt ; 10 N ) and short continuance ( 10 I?s ) . [ 7 ] While radial daze moving ridge therapy ( RSWT ) is a pneumatically generated low to medium-energy daze moving ridge that is produced by acceleration of a missile inside the intervention handpiece and transmitted radially from the tip of the applier to the mark zone [ 8 ] . The force per unit area and the energy denseness lessening by the 3rd power of the incursion deepness in the tissue. RSWT produced lower extremum force per unit area, longer rise clip and low energy with energy flux denseness ( EFD ) less than 0.1 mJ/mm2 ) as compared with ESWT [ 9-10 ] . Many surveies have demonstrated ESWT in the intervention of bone diseases like pseudoarthrosis [ 11 ] and calcified tendonitis of the shoulder [ 10,12 ] and in soft tissue diseases like epicondylitis, [ 13 ] plantar fasciitis, [ 14 ] and sinew hurts, particularly in jocks. [ 15 ] ESWT was effectual in cut downing the hypertonus in patients with shot in comparing with placebo. Long last clinical consequence of ESWT suggested its possible usage for patients with muscular hypertonus [ 7 ] . Amelio and Manganotti, [ 7 ] showed that ESWT can alter the postural attitude and organic structure stableness of kids with CP by a lessening in hypertonus in the plantar flexor musculuss of the treated limb with an addition in the base of support at that side. [ 7 ] In order to mensurate the alteration in spasticity degree objectively, a broad assortment of electrophysiological physiological reaction surveies have been performed to measure spasticity and research neural circuits within the spinal cord. The H -reflex trial can be utile for the nonsubjective step of motor neuron hyper-excitability. Besides, the ratio of the maximal amplitude of the H- physiological reaction to maximum M- amplitude ( H/M ratio ) is an nonsubjective step of motor neuron hyper-excitability. In instance of spasticity, the H -reflex depression is significantly lower in spastic patients [ 16-17 ] . Increased H/M ratio means increasing the irritability degree while the reduced H/M ratio means diminishing the irritability degree [ 18 ] . Increased H/M ratio has been reported in the spastic stage of unilateral paralysis and it is considered the preferable index for measuring the motor nerve cell pool irritability of the spastic side in hemiplegic patients. [ 19 ] The decre ase of amplitude of these measurings demonstrates decrease of spasticity in those patients. [ 20 ] A survey conducted to measure the effects of using ESWT on spasticity by utilizing by analyzing F moving ridge and H-reflex of the gastrocnemius in hemiplegic shot patients. The determination showed that there were no important effects of ESWT on the conductivity speed, distal latency and amplitude of tibial nervus conductivity, minimum latency of tibial nervus F moving ridge, latency, or H/M ratio of H-reflex in either the healthy or stroke group. However, the modified Ashworth graduated table ( MAS ) of plantar flexor was significantly reduced after using ESWT in the shot group. [ 21 ] Besides, Yoo et al. , [ 22 ] reported that there was no consequence of ESWT ‘s on lower limb spasticity in shot patients, and its mechanism is still unknown. [ 22 ] Sohn, et Al. , [ 30 ] inquired that farther surveies is needed for measuring the decreased degree of spasticity by ESWT on functional abilities such as ambulation or activities of day-to-day populating with stressing that farther surveies refering the most effectual degree of strength, figure of ESWT interventions, and continuance of curative consequence, demand to be conducted in a larger figure of patients. [ 23 ] Although RSWT has been successfully used since the late ninetiess for the direction of assorted orthopaedic upsets, really small clinical survey – for the available literature – has yet been performed in the intervention of spasticity in intellectual paralysis kids. The purpose of our survey was to measure the effectivity of RSWT on spasticity and motor map in hemiplegic intellectual paralysis kids.MaterialsSubjects56 kids ( 32 male childs and 24 misss ) were take parting in this survey. Their age runing from ( 6-8 ) old ages with a mean ( 7 A ± 1.2 ) were indiscriminately selected and participated in this survey. Patients were referred to Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation section of El-Noor Hospital, Makkah, Saudi Arabia and selected harmonizing to the inclusion and exclusion standards.The inclusion standardsThe inclusion standards were as follows: The participated kids had a confirmed diagnosing of hemiplegic intellectual paralysis in the prenatal, perinatal, or p ostpartum period confirmed by magnetic resonance images obtained from medical records or personal doctors. The grade of spasticity in involved lower appendage harmonizing to modified Ashworth graduated table ranged between classs 1, 1+ and 2 [ 24 ] . The degrees of gross motor map runing between degrees I through III harmonizing to Gross Motor Function Classification System ( GMFCS ) [ 25 ] . Persons with GMFCS degree I ambulate independently without restrictions, but may hold restrictions in more advanced gross motor accomplishments ; individuals with degree II ambulate independently but have restrictions walking out-of-doorss and in the community ; and individuals with degree III ambulate with an assistive device. Children were cognitively competent and able to understand and follow instructions. There were no serious medical complications harmonizing to the medical study signed by their doctor. During the survey, kids were non having other intercessions to better involved lower appendage map.The exclusion standardsThe exclusion standards included kids who had ocular job that would forestall them from executing the intercession, , uncontrolled ictuss, had no recent history of spasticity-altering specially for tendoachilis and c alf musculuss in the affected limb.They were at least one twelvemonth station orthopedic or neurological surgery, 6 months post botulinus toxin type A ( Botox ) injections, and had no history of spasticity medicine within 3 months prior to proving. Children were besides excluded if there were fixed contractures or stiffness in the affected lower appendage that would restrict activity battle.Treatment groupsThe participated kids divided into two groups. The first group ( 35 participants ) received traditional neurodevelopmental physical therapy rehabilitation plan in add-on to RSWT. The other control group ( 21 participants ) received the same plan but with placebo daze wave therapy. The traditional plan consists of beef uping exercisings, stretching exercisings, postural reactions facilitation exercisings, automatic inhibiting forms except for Achilless sinews of affected limb, pace preparation. The plan last for an hr, three times / hebdomad for 6 hebdomads. A individual blinded randomised clinical test was used as the patients did non cognize in which group was assigned and which intervention would be taken. Randomization was performed merely by inquiring the one of the parents to take a piece of one of two documents in which A, B missive was written. ( A ) considered as a RSWT group, while ( B ) considered as a traditional exercising group. All parents were given a full account of the intervention protocol and a written informed consent signifier to subscribe their understanding for engagement in the survey and publication of the consequences. The survey was approved by the Ethics Review Committee of the module of applied medical scientific discipline, Um Al Qura University and parents signed a consent signifier authorising the kid ‘s engagement.Appraisal of GMFM:The GMFM is a standard mention tool designed to mensurate alteration in gross motor map over clip in kids with motor damage, and has been validated for sensitiveness to alter in kids with CP. The judges ( physical healers ) who performed all the appraisals throughout the survey did non take portion in the intercession plan. They besides had non been informed about which group was belonged ( blind assessors ) . The GMFM was used to measure alterations in gross motor accomplishment and mobility. [ 26 ] Merely the points from the walk/run/jump dimension were administered. Both the GMFM-88 and GMFM-66 tonss were used to take advantage of the improved grading with the GMFM-66 [ 27 ] .H/M ratio rating:Before get downing the measuring, the kid was prepared for entering by cleaning the sites of stimulating and entering electrodes by rubbing the tegument utilizing intoxicant. The process was repeated until the tegument becomes somewhat ruddy to guarantee removing of the degenerated cells and take downing the tegument opposition. Precautions were taken to avoid skin annoyance particularly at the exciting site. Then the kid was placed in prone place comfortab ly on the scrutiny tabular array. The pess were placed over the border of the tabular array or supported with a pillow placed under the mortise joint, so that the mortise joints were placed in a impersonal relaxed place. The caput of the kid was kept in mid place to avoid the evocation of any crude physiological reaction, which may change the distribution of tone over the kid ‘s organic structure during entering. The recording was conducted from the soleus musculus where the active ( negative ) electrode was placed along the mid-dorsal line of the lower leg, 2 centimeter below the point of separation of the gasterocnemius and secured by adhesive plaster. The other indifferent ( positive ) electrode was placed distal to the active electrode in a consecutive line over the tendoachillis and secured by adhesive plaster. The Earth electrode was placed between the stimulating and entering electrodes [ 28 ] . The stimulating electrode was placed over the tibial nervus merely median t o the center of the articulatio genus fold in the popliteal pit. The stimulus continuance was 0.1msec. , which makes it more selective for exciting the sensory nerve La nervus fibres and evokes a stable H-reflex. Stimulation was at the rate of one time every 3 seconds to avoid barricading response and let full recording of the automatic response. After puting up the kid decently on the tabular array and adequately suiting the different electrodes in the antecedently described places, bifocal nervus stimulation was conducted by utilizing EMG stimulator.Shock wave therapyA RSWT device ( shock maestro 500 ) consisting of a control unit, a 15 millimeter handpiece and a medical air compressor ( 40 dubnium, 8 saloon, 50l/min ) was used. The compressor generates a pneumatic energy ( Positive end product force per unit area: 18.5 Mpa, Frequency scope: 1 to 21 Hz, Max. energy denseness: 0.38 mJ/mmA? ) that is used to speed up a missile inside the handpiece. The RSWT was administered utilizin g a V-ACTOR manus piece ( applicator diameter 15 millimeter ) . Each kid in the intervention session received 1,500 urges per session ( 500 urges with a force per unit area of 0.5 saloon and a frequence of 15 Hz and 1,000 urges with a force per unit area of 1.0 saloon and a frequence of 20 Hz ) , an EFD of 0.10 mJ/mm2, and a fixed impulse clip of 2 msecs. The intervention country was prepared with a matching gel ( ultrasound gel ) to minimise the loss of shock-wave energy at the interface between applier tip and tegument. The force per unit area pulsations were focused on the hypertonic musculuss of the lower limb: shootings were used to handle each gastrocnemius musculuss and soleus musculuss chiefly in the center of the belly. Because low energy is used, the therapy is painless and does non necessitate the usage of anaesthesia, analgetic drugs or utilizing an ultrasound arrow usher during application. A placebo intervention was applied with the indistinguishable instrumentality. The same high-intensity sound was utilized in all patients.Outcome stepEvaluation of alterations in gross motor accomplishment utilizing the GMFM and the spasticity alterations by determined by measuring H/M ratio and entering the sum of take downing in this per centum between pre and station intervention scenes were the mensurating result.Statistical analysisA descriptive statistical computation of the mean and standard divergence was performed. Clinical and electrophysiological values for each patient were analyzed by Wilc oxon signed-rank and Mann Whitney trial. The degree of significance was set at 0.05 for all trials.Consequences60 intellectual paralysis kids with spastic unilateral paralysiss were take parting in the survey. A figure of 5 kids were excluded from the engagement because they did non finish the intervention agenda. Merely 32 male childs and 24 misss with spastic unilateral paralysiss were included in this survey. There was a non-significant difference in the mean of kid ‘s age between intervention groups where the average age in Shock wave group was ( 7 A ± 0.85 ) and ( 7 A ± 0.65 ) in traditional group.GMFM:Evaluation of the pretest value of the daze moving ridge group and traditional group by Mann-Whitney trial revealed a no important difference between the pretest values where the P value was 0.0821 and the average rank of the pretest was 25.17 for daze moving ridge and 35.02 for traditional. Wilcoxon matched pairs trial demonstrated a important consequence in the ESWT group where P & lt ; 0.0001 with a important betterments in GMFM as compared consequence of post-test to pre-test value. Besides, there was a important addition in the post-test values in traditional group P & lt ; 0.0001 as compared to pre-test values. In order to compare between the consequence of the post-test consequence between the two intervention groups, Wilcoxon signed rank trial was applied and revealed that there was a important difference between the two intervention groups where the average rank of the ESWT group was 35.02 and traditional group was 15.7 and the P & lt ; 0.0001.H/M ratio:Mann-Whitney trial compared the pretest value of the alterations in the H/M ratio between the ESWT group and traditional group and revealed a no important difference between the pretest values where the P value was 0.227 and the average rank of the pretest was 30.53 for daze wave 25.12 for traditional as shown in tabular array ( 1-2 ) . Wilcoxon matched pairs trial demonstrated a important consequence in the ESWT and traditional groups where P & lt ; 0.0001 with a important lessening in the H/M ratio as compared consequence of post-test to pre-test value. Besides, there was a important lessening in the post-test values in traditional group P & lt ; 0.0001 as compared to pre-test values. Wilcoxon signed rank trial was applied and revealed no important difference between the two intervention groups where the average rank of the ESWT group was 27.63 and traditional group was 29.95 and the p=0.605.DiscussionThe consequence of this survey showed important decrease in GMFM and H/M ratio station intervention as compared with pretreatment in the two survey groups. The H-reflex trial as Akbayrak et al. , [ 28 ] explained can be utile for the nonsubjective step of motor neuron hyperex-citability Although assorted techniques for this survey have been introduced, the ratio of the maximal amplitude of H-reflex to maximum M-amplitude ( H/M ratio ) is most practical because of the easier technique. H/M ratios tend to be increased in patients with CNS lesions and upper motor nerve cell marks, and enlisting curves are altered in a mode consistent with increased irritability of the cardinal motor nerve cell pool. Conversely, H reflexes during cataplexy are depressed. H-reflex surveies in patients with CNS disfunction have been helpful for understanding the pathophysiology of these upsets [ 29 ] . Many Potential benefits could deduce from RSWT, compared with ESWT, because it is less painful consequence and therefore can be administered without anaesthesia, thereby cut downing the hazards of intervention for patients. Furthermore, due to the radial emanation of RSWT, the calcification, one time located radiographically, is certainly included inside the moving ridge extension country. Contrarily, when the daze moving ridge is focused, as occurs in the ESWT, refocusing of the applier is sporadically necessary to be certain that the moving ridges hit the calcification [ 30 ] . Furthermore, no ultrasound usher is needed to execute curative applications of RSWT [ 8 ] . Possible repressive effects of daze moving ridges on hypertonic musculuss and sinews might be attributed to the consequence of mechanical stimulations of daze moving ridges on the musculus fibres following to the sinew that can non be excluded as suggested by ( Leone and Kukulka. [ 31 ] Besides uninterrupted or intermittent tendon force per unit area produced by daze moving ridge could diminish the spinal irritability without durable clinical or neurophysiological effects. Another possible mechanism was the mechanical vibratory stimulation, which reduces irritability of motor nerve cells and induces the alteration of F moving ridge. [ 31 ] Despite transitory and short enduring repressive continuance of mechanical vibratory stimulation on musculus, the clinical consequences of this survey continued for hebdomads and assisted in suppression of monosynaptic irritability of tendoachillis as revealed by take downing of the H/M ratio in the survey group.This happening proposing a different mechanism of action need farther probe and account. Geldard [ 32 ] in his work found that Pressure technique has been therapeutically effectual to change motor response and when force per unit area is continuously applied, there is a diminution in sensitiveness. Tuttle and Mc Clearly [ 33 ] added that mechanical force per unit area ( force ) , provided continuously is repressive, possibly because of force per unit area version. It is hypothesized that this deep force per unit area activates pacinian atoms, which are quickly altered receptor ; nevertheless, the version may change with the strength of stimulation and with the country of the organic structure being stimulated. This force per unit area seemed most effectual on sinewy interpolations [ 33 ] . Pacinian Corpuscles as Quillin [ 34 ] explained are located deep in The corium of the tegument: in entrails, mesenteries, and ligaments and near blood vass. They are most plentiful in the colloidal suspensions of the pess, where they seem to exercise some influence on position, place, and ambulation. The pacinian atoms adapt rapidly and they are activated by deep force per unit area and speedy stretch of tissues. [ 34 ] Umphred et al. , [ 35 ] reported that Because of the rapid version, a kept up stimulation will efficaciously do suppression by forestalling farther stimulations from come ining the system. The technique of deep force per unit area is applied to hypersensitive countries to normalise skin responses. Besides, they recommended that changeless force per unit area applied over the sinews of the wrist flexors may stifle flexor hypertonicity every bit good as elongate the tight facia over the sinewy interpolation. The force per unit area is applied across the sinew with increasing force per unit area until musculuss relax [ 35 ] . Pierson [ 36 ] recommended that the kept up force per unit area is effectual in cut downing spasticity if it is applied to the sinew than the musculus belly. It is thought to move as a counter thorn that overwhelms centripetal ability to intercede other types of stimulation. H-reflex testing has shown that the motor nerve cell is inhibited in the sinew being pressed [ 36 ] . In their work about the consequence of soleus musculus force per unit area on alpha motor neuron automatic irritability in topics with spinal cord hurt ( SCI ) Robichaud and Agostinucci [ 37 ] found that Circumferential force per unit area applied to the lower leg decreased soleus musculus alpha motor neuron automatic irritability in topics with SCI. [ 37 ] The consequences of survey tested the effectivity of intermittent tendon force per unit area on the depression of alpha motor neuron irritability. Kukulkaet al. , [ 38 ] showed that the application of intermittent force per unit area to a sinew produced a statistically important lessening in the amplitude of the H physiological reaction, bespeaking a depression in alpha motor neuron irritability. This depression was sustained over a 30-second period of intermittent force per unit area application. These findings support those reported earlier by KuKulka et al. , [ 38 ] in which sustained tendon force per unit area was found to bring forth a transeunt suppression of motor neuron irritability. Intermittent tendon force per unit area, hence, may be utile for patients who require a sustained decrease in musculus activity, and sustained tendon force per unit area may turn out most utile for transeunt decreases in musculus tone. [ 38 ] Sing to the repressive consequence of quiver, Maisden [ 39 ] in their surveies showed that Because its ability to diminish allergic tactile receptors through supraspinal ordinance, local quiver is considered an inhibitory technique. Vibration besides stimulates cuteaneous receptors, specifically the pacinian atoms, and therefore can besides be classified an extroceptive modes. Vibrators function with frequence below 75 Hz is thought to hold an repressive consequence on normal musculus. [ 39 ] Umphred et al. , [ 35 ] concluded that low-frequency quiver used alternately with force per unit area can be extremely effectual. It should be remembered that these combined inputs use different neurophysiological mechanisms [ 35 ] . Vibration is an effectual manner to stamp down the H-reflex as stated by Delwaide. , [ 40 ] and Braddom & A ; Johnson. [ 41 ] Somerville and Ashby [ 42 ] added that Using a vibrating stimulation to the Achilles sinew in the limb under probe consequences in depression of the H-reflex that may outlive the continuance of the quiver by several hundred msecs. The mechanism of H-reflex suppression as explained by Taylor et al. , [ 43 ] is unknown but may affect presynaptic suppression through primary spindle sensory nerve fire or neurotransmitter depletion. The consequences of this survey agreed with the determination of the work done by Manganotti and Amelio [ 44 ] who used 1,500 shootings of daze moving ridge to handle flexor musculuss of the forearm and 800 shootings for each interosseus musculus of the manus with 0.030 mJ/mm2 strength. They reported that ESWT on the flexor hypertonic musculuss of the forearm and the interosseus musculuss of the manus was effectual for the betterment of upper limb spasticity in shot patients for more than12 hebdomads. Besides the determination of Yoo et Al. [ 22 ] proved important decrease of spasticity on the cubitus flexor and carpus pronator for 1 to 4 hebdomads after 1,000 shootings of ESWT with 0.069 mJ/mm2 strength. In their survey aimed for measuring the spasticity and electrophysiologic effects of using extracorporeal daze wave therapy ( ESWT ) to the gastrocnemius by analyzing F moving ridge and H-reflex. Sohn et al. , [ 23 ] concluded that after using ESWT on the gastrocnemius in shot patients, the spasticity of the mortise joint plantarflexor was significantly improved, with no alterations of F wave or H-reflex parametric quantities. They recommended that farther surveies are needed to measure the mechanisms of the antispastic consequence of ESWT. The important betterment in the development of walking accomplishment in the participant kids in the survey group might be due to the application of traditional neurodevelopmental intercession technique in add-on to the long permanent decrease of spasticity produced by daze moving ridge therapy and its function in take downing calf musculus spasticity.This inhibitory consequence on tendoachillis hypertonus assist the kids in the survey group to develop their motor map and walking abilities which was positively reflected on the gross motor map step mark in the walk-to portion following station intervention period The transition of Achilles tendon hypertonicity and its influence on bettering motor functional and walking abilities for hypertonic CP kids is attendant with the position of Natarajan and Ribbans [ 45 ] who strongly affirmed on that â€Å" Achilles sinew is involved in a assortment of padiatric conditions † .So its shortening or failing is a characteristic of many neurological conditions impacting the cardinal or peripheral nervous system such as intellectual paralysis. And Achilles tendon spasticity, failing or contractures in these conditions lead to detaining of walking and pace abnormalcies.DecisionA individual active RSWT significantly cut down spasticity and better map compared with placebo in kids with intellectual paralysis.Practical applicationsRSWT are effectual tools that could be used individually or in combination with neurodevelopmental technique in intervention of kids with spastic unilateral paralysis.RecognitionsThe writers would wish to show their grasp to a ll patints participated in this survey with all content and cooperation and particular thanks to our co-workers at the Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm AL-Qura University, Saudi Arabia.Conflict of involvementThere are no fiscal and personal relationships with other people or organisations that could unsuitably act upon this work.FundingThis research received no specific grant from any support bureau in the populace, commercial, or non-profit-making sectors.

Mary Breckenridge, a Pioneer of the Nursing Profession - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 1 Words: 355 Downloads: 4 Date added: 2017/09/14 Category Advertising Essay Did you like this example? â€Å"The Trailblazer† During the 1920s, a true pioneer of the nursing profession emerged in rural Kentucky named Mary Breckenridge. Mary devoted herself to the nursing profession. As such, her accomplishments helped define the role of nursing and contributed greatly to the development of what healthcare is today. Fueled by the death of her children, Mary had the passion and determination to help women and children in rural locations of America. That drive, coupled with her experience working as a nurse in World War II, her disciplined studies, and midwifery training led her to rural Kentucky. In 1925, families in this area had no access to any kind of medical attention because there were no developed roads or means of transportation. For this reason, the maternal mortality rate was extremely high. Mary pulled together much of her own savings to found the Frontier Nursing Service which set up rural â€Å"clinics† staffed by nurses on horseback who provided healthcare services to these poor families in remote locations around Kentucky. â€Å"The Frontier Nursing Service reached more than 1,000 rural families in an area exceeding 700 square miles† (Sisters of the Golden Moon 1). Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Mary Breckenridge, a Pioneer of the Nursing Profession" essay for you Create order It significantly reduced the maternal mortality rate as well as other fatalities. Mary’s Frontier Nursing Service contributed to the Nursing profession in that it developed into the organization that became the American Association of Nurse-Midwives; all were members of Mary’s staff when it began. Her service grew into a school which trained hundreds of midwifery nurses. What is now called the Mary Breckenridge Hospital was established in the early years of the Frontier Nursing Service in Kentucky and still exists today. Additionally, the idea of setting up healthcare clinics was a revolutionary model that continues to employ many nurses around the world. Mary truly acted as a patient advocate long before that role was ever defined as a professional responsibility for nursing. Her legacy inspires nurses to proactively go above and beyond for their patients in hospital and community settings. Lastly, Mary set an example for all nurses to be leaders, continue to develop new skills, and to seek training in different fields of the healthcare industry.

The Types and Stages of Insect Metamorphosis

Informative Speech Genetically Modified Organisms

Jenna Persky Persuasive Speech Outline Topic: GMOs (genetically modified organisms) Audience: Speech class of students ranging from freshman to seniors, some may have prior knowledge of GMOs. General Purpose: To Persuade Specific Purpose: To persuade the people to stop eating GMO’s and eat organically. Thesis Statement: These human and environmental consequences are what lead people to eat organically. Today, there are a few points I would like to discuss with you all. 1) Introduction A) Attention Getter - There is something that has been lurking in your food for decades. You consume it without even knowing it. It’s hidden from labels and most of the time a difference in appearance is nonexistent. B) Reason to Listen -†¦show more content†¦This DNA can come from a multitude of places including bacteria, viruses, or other animal and plants. (â€Å"GMO Education†) c. The World Health Organization has stated that there were two main reasons that these genetically modified organisms were created: one- so that they could be manipulated to be more herbicide resistant, and two- so that they could become more resistant to insects. (â€Å"Frequently Asked Questions on Genetically Modified Foods†) Transition: Now that you all have a definition of what a genetically modified organism is, I want to share the human health risks associated with them, further urging you to eat organically. B) Many studies have been done to test for health consequences from eating GMO’s and the results are startling. a. One study was performed on a group of rats (rats and mice share 99% DNA with humans) that ate Calgene Flavr-Savr tomatoes. These GMO tomatoes were made to look fresh for longer periods of time. After 28 days, all of the rats experienced bleeding in their stomachs due to stomach lesions and seven of these rats died. (Lendman). b. In a study explained by Stephen Lendman from Global Research, rats ate Monsanto 863 Bt Corn (one of their most famous GMO products) for 90 days. The results showed that the rats inherited multiple reactions that are associated with the body’s response to â€Å"allergies, infections, toxins, diseases like cancer, anemia and blood pressure problems† (Lendman). c. It has evenShow MoreRelatedInformative Speech Outline : Genetically Modified Organisms886 Words   |  4 PagesSophia Basaldua 05 October, 2016 Informative Speech Outline: Genetically Modified Organisms Introduction I. Open with impact: A. 1,996 pounds, or nearly one ton. This is an estimate of how much — by weight — the average American eats over the course of one year. II. Thesis Statement: In fact, the food industry states that 75-80 percent of foods contain genetically modified ingredients, and I am here today to give you information about them. III. Audience Connection: A. In simplest terms, we allRead MoreInformative Speech : Genetically Modified Foods986 Words   |  4 PagesKeyanna Ralph Professor Enslen SPC 1017 12 November 2015 Informative Speech Outline TOPIC: Genetically Modified Foods General Purpose: To inform Specific Purpose: At the end of my presentation, the audience will be informed on what genetically modified foods are, where they are found, and some of the controversial advantages, and disadvantages that are associated with them. Introduction Attention Getter and relate to audience: Before you eat a meal or snack do you ever actually think aboutRead MoreThe Fault Of Our Gmo Labeling Law1093 Words   |  5 Pagespolitical tendencies, wealth and even by race. Everything gets a label nowadays. No one and nothing is safe from labeling, not even your groceries. For over a decade people have been calling for labeling GMO products. 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Some scientist and farmers may say that GMO production is beneficial to their finances; however, it is a health risk on humans, due to the chemical and genetic engineering done to foods that naturally giveRead MoreSience23554 Words   |  95 Pagesbuilding blocks for many marine organisms. In addition, â€Å"concentrations of carbonate ions are now lower than at any time during the last 800,000 years. The impacts on ocean biological diversity and ecosystem functioning will likely be severe, though the precise timing and distribution of these impacts are uncertain.† (See p. 58 of the report.) Although millions of years ago CO2  levels were higher,  today’s change is occurringrapidly, giving many marine organisms too little time to adapt. SomeRead MoreSources of Ethics20199 Words   |  81 Pagesand needed an ethical decision; he begged God for guidance: Till, when they reached the Valley of the Ants, an ant exclaimed: O ants! Enter your dwellings lest Solomon and his armies crush you, unperceiving. And [Solomon] smiled, laughing at her speech, and said: My Lord, arouse me to be thankful for Thy favor wherewith Thou hast favored me and my parents, and to do good that shall be pleasing unto Thee, and include me among [the number of] Thy righteous slaves (Surah 27:18-19). Ethics in Islam

Regiment and Infantry Battalions free essay sample

In the Indian Army Regiments are of two kinds battalion-sized units of arms like the Armoured Corps, Artillery, Engineers, and Signals, or a specific mixture of Infantry battalions. In Artillery, the complete Artillery mass in the order of battle is known as the Regiment of Artillery. The Infantry Regiments are identified by their distinctive individual names; they have a Regimental Centre for training and equipping of the staff for the infantry battalions of the Regiment. The Centre maintains records of each soldier till he retires and is out of service.The Record office and the Pay and Accounts offices perform these functions. These Regimental Centres send qualified soldiers to infantry battalions which are assigned to tactical units Brigades and Divisions. The infantry battalions known by their individual Regimental number and name are active units fit to fight and carry out desired duties in the battle. The Regiments are headed by a Colonel, who is a high-ranking officer. We will write a custom essay sample on Regiment and Infantry Battalions or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The Colonel of the Regiment is the head of the family and is responsible for the protection of the best interests of the Regiment.He is almost always an officer of General rank who at one time served in the Regiment. The idea is that such a person would take personal interest in the well-being of the Regiment, its troops and its widows. The way the wounded and dead are handled in a battle is a powerful example of Regimental spirit. In the Regiments of Indian Army it is a matter of honour not to let a wounded comrade fall into enemy hands. Many a time special operations have been carried out to recover wounded soldiers.A major feature of the Regimental system has been to train young officers to ‘know their men better than their mothers do and care even more. ’ Practically it requires officers to learn the Regimental language in the shortest possible time; not to eat till their men are fed; excel their men in physical fitness and handling of weapons; become epitomes of military disciplines in punctuality, turnout, and thoroughness; play games with their men, spend time in their langars and dining rooms, coach them to be the best in the unit in all soldierly activities, sports and beha viour.They are guided by just one ideal that is, their performance and that of their men must be worthy of the good name of the Regiment. This system gives them a sense of belonging and a cause bigger than themselves and acts as a crucible for promoting espirit-de-corps. Regiments provide a living example of how Indians, without abandoning their religious belief or ethnic pride can whole heartedly work together for the good of the country.It is a brotherhood in which Hindus, Muslims, Sikhs and Christians try to excel in their service for the good name of their Regiment, Indian Army and the Country. Battle Honour days have been devised to remind all ranks of a Regiment of the achievements and sacrifices of their predecessors. There is nothing better than the study of Regimental history to understand these traditions and inculcate pride in them. Every opportunity is taken to remind the members of those achievements and traditions so that a high standard of behaviour, courage and comradeship is set.This is done through the Part-I orders, evening roll call time, lectures, unit Darbars and Mandir, Masjid, Gurudwara, Church parades. It is with this repeated treatment that a soldier learns to practice unselfishness and find roots and pride in the traditions of a Regiment. Hence, we can say that the Regiment becomes the religion of those who have the honour to serve in it. Did you know? ON JULY 27 1961, a speed boat, carrying three persons crossing the English Channel capsized and sank, leaving three crew members struggling for survival in the waters.On receiving the distress message, the RNAS Lee on Solent Control Tower issued a general rescue call, which was picked up by two helicopters in the area, belonging to the INS Vikrant. Lt Cdr Wadhwan and Lt Cdr Menon were flying a training mission in these helicopters leased from the French, when they proceeded for rescue. As only Wadhwan’s chopper was fitted with a rescue winch, Wadhwan and his aircrew man on board operated the winch and rescued all the three. This incident bought wide publicity in the British Papers for the Indian Navy.

Where The Heart Is Essay Example For Students

Where The Heart Is Essay Novalee is unlucky. Shes seven months pregnant, homeless and headed to California for an unknown reason. Her dreams of houses, family and love seem far away. Willy Jack wants money. He craves boozes, sex and freedom. He finds himself jobless, with a pregnant girlfriend, and a beat up Plymouth destined for California. In the Billie Letts novel, Where the heart is the American dream involves family, friends, and material goods. Both Novalee and Willy Jack are in search of their dreams, the success of which relies on the decision they make along the way. Family is an important part of Novalees dream. Novalees childhood was filled with sadness. Her mother deserted her when she was young and thereafter, she bounced between foster homes until she met Willy Jack. In Willy Jack, Novalee believes she finds love. To her disappointment she does not. However, she finds happiness the baby that they made. Her baby becomes center of strength and her good fortune. She ran her fingers across her navel and thought of the baby attached to the other side of it, imagining it could feel her touch so that it might even reach out to her. Page 53. Americus brings Novalee, the love and family she wants. We will write a custom essay on Where The Heart Is specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Willy Jack sees family as an obstacle to pass in achieving his dream. He has a narrow view of his life. He desperately wants money and believes nothing else matters but it. Willy does not realize that he needs the love of others to help him through life. Willy passes up the option of family early on his quest for his dream. He deserts his pregnant girlfriend in the parking lot of a Wal-Mart. Leaving her with only $7.77 and the clothes she is wearing. She could see herself running, calling his name- the parking space was empty, the Plymouth gone. He was going to California and had left her behind Page 16. Willys desire for money compels him to ditch his family. Novalee cherishes the help and support friends provide during her pursuit of the American Dream. Through the help and guidance of her friends she is able to excel all aspects of her life. From Moses, a strong, black photographer she is explores her creative flare. She gains respect from her community by winning the Greater Sout hwestern Kodak photography contest. She was named Employee of the Week at Wal-Mart, the First National Bank sent a card of congratulations, and the art teacher at the high school asked her to come to his classes to speak. Page 216. Novalee takes picture of her friends who helped her towards her dream, so she never forgets them. Willy Jack uses his friends as tools, to achieve his dream. When Willy Jack is thrown in prison, his moneymaking ideas change. He decides he wants to become a country music star. With the help of the prison librarian he obtains a guitar, and performing experience. Shortly after his release from prison he meets Ruth Meyers. Ruth is a talent agent who sets Willy Jack on the path to stardom. However, Willy Jacks greed over-powers his judgement. Behind Ruths back Willy Jack tries to bargain a deal with Johnny Desoto, a big time talent agent. Then Ill get right to the point. Willy Jack leaned closer to the table, his tone confidential. I think Ruth Meyers has gone about as far with me as she can She cant make me rich. Page 256. Willy Jack soon learns that Ruth Meyers should not be toyed with. She learns of Willy Jack unfaithful ways, cancels his contract and proclaims hell never work in show business again. .uec8ed190ffd7600eb8196a4a121b182d , .uec8ed190ffd7600eb8196a4a121b182d .postImageUrl , .uec8ed190ffd7600eb8196a4a121b182d .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uec8ed190ffd7600eb8196a4a121b182d , .uec8ed190ffd7600eb8196a4a121b182d:hover , .uec8ed190ffd7600eb8196a4a121b182d:visited , .uec8ed190ffd7600eb8196a4a121b182d:active { border:0!important; } .uec8ed190ffd7600eb8196a4a121b182d .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uec8ed190ffd7600eb8196a4a121b182d { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uec8ed190ffd7600eb8196a4a121b182d:active , .uec8ed190ffd7600eb8196a4a121b182d:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uec8ed190ffd7600eb8196a4a121b182d .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uec8ed190ffd7600eb8196a4a121b182d .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uec8ed190ffd7600eb8196a4a121b182d .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uec8ed190ffd7600eb8196a4a121b182d .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uec8ed190ffd7600eb8196a4a121b182d:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uec8ed190ffd7600eb8196a4a121b182d .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uec8ed190ffd7600eb8196a4a121b182d .uec8ed190ffd7600eb8196a4a121b182d-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uec8ed190ffd7600eb8196a4a121b182d:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Pearl Harbor EssayIn search of material goods, Novalee dreams of a house for her family. Novalee does not wish for large mansions, extravagant cars or designer clothes. All she wants is house to keep her child safe and warm. Novalee dreamed of houses-two-story houses, log cabins, condominiums, ranch houses-anything fixed to the ground. She had never lived in a place that didnt have wheels under it. Page 7. Novalee receives her house as a gift from her friend Sister Husband. Willy Jack pursues enormous wealth at the sacrifice of his health. His first moneymaking scheme had him headed for California. Where he heard his cousin J. Paul had made a lot of money working for Union Pacific Railroad. However, J. Paul wealth was a workers compensation payment for the baby finger he lost while working. Willy Jack intended on sacrificing his baby finger as well. For Willy Jack, a southpaw, the little finger of his right hand was absolutely useless. And it was the one he would sacrifice, the one he intended to trade for greyhounds and race horses. Page 10. Novalee achieves more in her life then she ever dreamed possible. She is able to because she is selfless and motivated by the love of her friends and family. Willy Jack never achieves his dreams of wealth. His failure is a result of the poor selfish decisions he makes along the way. Nonetheless, the end of the novel gives the reader a sense of hope for Willy Jack. He is able to admit he made bad decisions and most importantly he learns that happiness is found in his heart, not in his wallet. Where the Heart is Essay Example For Students Where the Heart is Essay Novalee is unlucky. Shes seven months pregnant, homeless and headed to California for an unknown reason. Her dreams of houses, family and love seem far away. Willy Jack wants money. He craves boozes, sex and freedom. He finds himself jobless, with a pregnant girlfriend, and a beat up Plymouth destined for California. In the Billie Letts novel, Where the heart is the American dream involves family, friends, and material goods. Both Novalee and Willy Jack are in search of their dreams, the success of which relies on the decision they make along the way. Family is an important part of Novalees dream. Novalees childhood was filled with sadness. Her mother deserted her when she was young and thereafter, she bounced between foster homes until she met Willy Jack. In Willy Jack, Novalee believes she finds love. To her disappointment she does not. However, she finds happiness the baby that they made. Her baby becomes center of strength and her good fortune. She ran her fingers across her navel and thought of the baby attached to the other side of it, imagining it could feel her touch so that it might even reach out to her. Page 53. Americus brings Novalee, the love and family she wants. We will write a custom essay on Where the Heart is specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Willy Jack sees family as an obstacle to pass in achieving his dream. He has a narrow view of his life. He desperately wants money and believes nothing else matters but it. Willy does not realize that he needs the love of others to help him through life. Willy passes up the option of family early on his quest for his dream. He deserts his pregnant girlfriend in the parking lot of a Wal-Mart. Leaving her with only $7.77 and the clothes she is wearing. She could see herself running, calling his name- the parking space was empty, the Plymouth gone. He was going to California and had left her behind Page 16. Willys desire for money compels him to ditch his family. Novalee cherishes the help and support friends provide during her pursuit of the American Dream. Through the help and guidance of her friends she is able to excel all aspects of her life. From Moses, a strong, black photographer she is explores her creative flare. She gains respect from her community by winning the Greater Sout hwestern Kodak photography contest. She was named Employee of the Week at Wal-Mart, the First National Bank sent a card of congratulations, and the art teacher at the high school asked her to come to his classes to speak. Page 216. Novalee takes picture of her friends who helped her towards her dream, so she never forgets them. Willy Jack uses his friends as tools, to achieve his dream. When Willy Jack is thrown in prison, his moneymaking ideas change. He decides he wants to become a country music star. With the help of the prison librarian he obtains a guitar, and performing experience. Shortly after his release from prison he meets Ruth Meyers. Ruth is a talent agent who sets Willy Jack on the path to stardom. However, Willy Jacks greed over-powers his judgement. Behind Ruths back Willy Jack tries to bargain a deal with Johnny Desoto, a big time talent agent. Then Ill get right to the point. Willy Jack leaned closer to the table, his tone confidential. I think Ruth Meyers has gone about as far with me as she can She cant make me rich. Page 256. Willy Jack soon learns that Ruth Meyers should not be toyed with. She learns of Willy Jack unfaithful ways, cancels his contract and proclaims hell never work in show business again. .u21934181e3ec845c9f181301eb045a03 , .u21934181e3ec845c9f181301eb045a03 .postImageUrl , .u21934181e3ec845c9f181301eb045a03 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u21934181e3ec845c9f181301eb045a03 , .u21934181e3ec845c9f181301eb045a03:hover , .u21934181e3ec845c9f181301eb045a03:visited , .u21934181e3ec845c9f181301eb045a03:active { border:0!important; } .u21934181e3ec845c9f181301eb045a03 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u21934181e3ec845c9f181301eb045a03 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u21934181e3ec845c9f181301eb045a03:active , .u21934181e3ec845c9f181301eb045a03:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u21934181e3ec845c9f181301eb045a03 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u21934181e3ec845c9f181301eb045a03 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u21934181e3ec845c9f181301eb045a03 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u21934181e3ec845c9f181301eb045a03 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u21934181e3ec845c9f181301eb045a03:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u21934181e3ec845c9f181301eb045a03 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u21934181e3ec845c9f181301eb045a03 .u21934181e3ec845c9f181301eb045a03-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u21934181e3ec845c9f181301eb045a03:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Constitution Protects the Civil Rights of Amer EssayIn search of material goods, Novalee dreams of a house for her family. Novalee does not wish for large mansions, extravagant cars or designer clothes. All she wants is house to keep her child safe and warm. Novalee dreamed of houses-two-story houses, log cabins, condominiums, ranch houses-anything fixed to the ground. She had never lived in a place that didnt have wheels under it. Page 7. Novalee receives her house as a gift from her friend Sister Husband. Willy Jack pursues enormous wealth at the sacrifice of his health. His first moneymaking scheme had him